Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that causes significant problems for women today. It is estimated that it affects as many as 5 to 10% of women of reproductive age.
PCOS is also considered one of the most common causes of pregnancy infertility. It's also alarming that the diagnosis is becoming more common in the general population.
This syndrome is characterized by abnormal ovarian function and the presence of multiple cysts on ultrasound images. The main consequences of these changes are irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation, and hormonal changes, primarily increased levels of androgens (male hormones). By disrupting the natural hormonal balance, this syndrome can predispose to glucose metabolism disorders such as insulin resistance and obesity.
Diagnostics:
PCOS can manifest itself in a variety of ways, depending on the severity of symptoms, the duration and course of the disease, and the patient's individual hormonal characteristics. In advanced stages, PCOS may present with irregular periods, difficulty conceiving, excess facial and body hair, acne, and weight gain.
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Classic symptoms of PCOS include:
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Irregular or absent periods.
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Excess androgens, manifested by excessive hair growth (hirsutism) on the face, chest and back.
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Acne and oily skin.
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Hair loss from the head.
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Weight gain, especially around the abdomen.
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Dark spots on the skin called acanthosis nigricans.
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Fertility problems.
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Depression and mood swings.
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Fatigue and reduced energy.
The following tests may be necessary to diagnose PCOS:
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Hormonal tests, including androgen levels, LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone).
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Fasting glucose measurement and glucose tolerance test.
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Ovarian ultrasound to assess the presence of cysts.
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Lipid profile, assessing cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
These tests help understand whether hormonal imbalances are caused by PCOS and to what extent they affect the patient's health.
Diet therapy:
Dietary therapy for polycystic ovary syndrome plays a key role in managing symptoms and improving overall health. A well-balanced diet can help regulate hormone levels, improve insulin sensitivity, and maintain a healthy weight, which is especially important for women with PCOS.
The basic principles of diet therapy for PCOS include:
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Eating low-glycemic foods that help control blood sugar levels, such as vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.
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Avoiding processed foods and simple sugars, which can cause sudden spikes in glucose levels.
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Increasing your protein intake can promote satiety and stabilize blood sugar levels. Protein sources include lean meats, fish, eggs, tofu, and legumes.
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Introducing healthy fats into your diet, such as those found in olive oil, avocados, nuts and seeds, which support hormonal health.
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Eating plenty of fiber can help control insulin levels and improve digestion. Fiber is found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.
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Eating meals regularly, every 3-4 hours, helps maintain stable blood sugar levels and prevents hunger pangs.
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Limiting your intake of caffeine and alcohol, which can affect hormonal balance.
Supplementation:
Supplementation can play a significant role in restoring hormonal balance, normal glucose tolerance, and reducing inflammation, especially when diet does not meet the need for vitamins and other essential nutrients.
Recommended products:
N°1 Gluco BLOQ - a supplement designed for people struggling with glucose disorders. It contains, among other things, chromium, which helps maintain proper blood glucose levels,
No. 1 Omega VIT - it will have a great impact on inflammation in the body caused by PCOS,
No. 1 Beautiful Hair - the inositol present in it is known as an ingredient that improves insulin sensitivity and ovarian function,
No. 1 Coenzyme Q10 - has a positive effect on the total testosterone level and glycemic parameters,
No. 1 ProBiotic - supports intestinal health, nutrient absorption and can intensify the benefits of dietary therapy.
Summary:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder that can significantly impact patients' quality of life. Proper diagnosis and understanding individual symptoms are crucial for effective disease management. Diet therapy is a key component of treatment, as it can help regulate hormones, improve insulin sensitivity, and maintain a healthy body weight.
A well-balanced diet, tailored to each woman's needs, can alleviate PCOS symptoms and support overall health. Choosing low-glycemic foods, increasing your protein and healthy fat intake, and avoiding processed foods are key principles that can provide benefits.
For PCOS, as with other conditions, there are no one-size-fits-all dietary regimens. Each patient requires an individualized approach that takes into account her unique needs and preferences. Collaboration with a dietitian is essential to developing an optimal nutritional plan that supports pharmacological treatment and improves the patient's quality of life.
Martyna Tomoń is a leading dietitian specializing in PCOS, hormonal imbalances, and skin conditions. She graduated from the Medical University of Lublin and has participated in dozens of specialized training courses in the broad field of dietetics. She is the author of the scientific publication "Pillars of Healthy Eating."
Bibliography:
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Ajmal N, Khan SZ, Shaikh R. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and genetic predisposition: A review article. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. 2019
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Zhang T, He Q, Xiu H, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Chen Z, Hu H. Efficacy and Safety of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Reprod Sci. 2023
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Alesi S, Ee C, Moran LJ, Rao V, Mousa A. Nutritional Supplements and Complementary Therapies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Adv Nutr. 2022
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Shahid R, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Mahnoor, Awan KA, Iqbal MJ, Munir H, Saeed I. Diet and lifestyle modifications for effective management of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). J Food Biochem. 2022
